Study compares robotic CT-guided out-of-plane needle insertion with smartphone-guided application
The authors in this study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of robotic CT-guided out-of-plane needle insertion using phantom and animal experiments. A robotic system, Zerobot, which was developed at the authors’ institution, was used for needle insertion. Overall, there were 12 robotic needle insertions which were then compared with the same insertions performed by hand as well as guided by